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Saturday 13 April 2024

Sentences described by the UN as egregious miscarriages of justice.It is shocking !

 

We cannot say that we have a justice system if we have an innate injustice like this. The sentencing and continued imprisonment of  IPP prisoners has just been cruel. The lawyer and campaigner Peter Stefanovic put out an online video about it online video.  

  Victims and Prisoners Bill Committee Stage Day 7. Promoted by Chris Williams on behalf of The Green Party, both at PO Box 78066, London SE16 9GQ.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1eH07JA4KM 

My speech to the House: I rise possibly as an elder, owing to my advanced age; but perhaps not. I would like to support  Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd. As he said, there is almost nothing left to say about these prisoners. It is an injustice. I hope that the Government are considering accepting some of these amendments. We cannot say that we have a justice system if we have an innate injustice like this.

I support the tributes to Lord Blunkett, but also to Lord Moylan, with whom I have almost nothing in common; we have a very tetchy relationship but, on this, I think he is being superlative in working for the rights of IPP prisoners.

As Greens, we believe that prison is overused as a tool of justice. Far too many people are imprisoned when there are much more effective ways of rehabilitation or stopping reoffending. I can understand the anger of people who say that we should lock up serial rapists and murderers and throw away the key. I do understand that anger; but, in this instance, we have, for example, a 17 year-old who steals a bike, or people who grab other people’s mobile phones. This is clearly an injustice; I find it difficult to believe that anybody listening to this would not agree.

The lawyer and campaigner Peter Stefanovic put out an   online video   about this. It has had 14 million views. A petition to force the Government to debate this again got easily 10,000 signatures. There is massive public support for sorting out this issue. I know that the Government care very much about the will of the British public. The word that came through for me in some of the responses to the video was “cruel”. The sentencing and continued imprisonment of IPP prisoners has just been cruel. Please, let us see some progress on this Bill, then we can all take the Ministers out for a cup of tea.

Read the whole debate here,which is still being debated  

Victims and Prisoners Bill Volume 836: debated on Tuesday 12 March 2024                 

https://hansard.parliament.uk/lords/2024-03-12/debates/65ED94BB-D442-44D9-B323-60B1D58B3284/VictimsAndPrisonersBill

This is shocking Imagine a country where a man has spent 18 years in jail for trying to steal a coat or imprisoned for 11 yrs for stealing a mobile phone - sentences described by the UN as egregious miscarriages of justice it’s unthinkable & it’s happening in this country NOW. Peter Stefanovic@2Lawyer, Vlogger,Big Issue top 100 Change maker  2024, CEO CAMPAIGN FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE.

It’s happening right here & voting will take place in the House of Lords to end to this tragic miscarriage of justice 

 We need to step up and do the right thing by backing the amendments tabled by (backed by Lib Dem & Green Party Peers) Let’s not wait for an another

drama. This tragedy has already taken too many lives

Do the right thing and back it!

https://twitter.com/PeterStefanovi2/status/1774360982619373995
https://twitter.com/peterstefanovi2/status/1726504174630949108?s=46&t=g6PUk4YExrOYprJSzQZ3lw
https://twitter.com/peterstefanovi2/status/1726504174630949108?s=46&t=g6PUk4YExrOYprJSzQZ3lw
https://cfsj.co.uk https://about.me/PeterStefanovic
wyoutube.com/user/peter6855   https:///watch?v=93PQvjFUBl0 
 

 

 


Friday, 12 April 2024

There are a few things coming up this month that are worth looking out for.

First, the House of Lords is due to hold a final debate (the Report stage) on various IPP-related amendments to the Victims and Prisoners Bill. The most likely date for this is, as I currently understand it, Tuesday 30 April, though it could come earlier (Tuesday 23 April) or later in May.

We’re expecting to know in the next week or so how much ground the government is willing to give, if any, on the current amendments, and thus how likely it is that any of the amendments will make it into law.

In the meantime, Charley Allan has written this piece on where the parliamentary process got to prior to the Easter recess.


https://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk/news/2024-04-12/ipp-reform-some-things-watch-out-month


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Congratulations!!! 

Good news for one Ipp prisoner who's 10-year community licence was terminated last week. I understand there is another person’s whose licence will end April /May 🙏
Katherine Gleeson 

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Spot light: The IPP sentence

The IPP sentence was abolished more than 11 years ago, but not retrospectively. It continues to devastate the lives of almost 3,000 people still in prison today, and their loved ones.  

When the sentence was introduced in 2005, the Howard League warned that it created a bureaucratic nightmare that would haunt successive governments. Today, about half of all people on IPP sentences have never been released; the rest have been recalled, mostly for administrative breaches. 

We know that IPP sentences can cause acute harm to mental health. Figures obtained by Sky News and UNGRIPP indicate that more people on IPP sentences have died by suicide in prison than have been convicted of serious further offences after release.  

As the Victims and Prisoners Bill moves closer to receiving Royal Assent, potentially bringing changes to the length of time people on IPP sentences must spend on licence after release, we look at what must happen next to end this scandal once and for all. 

 Free event, on Thursday 25 April, 12.30pm to 1.30pm, online via Zoom. 

 https://jennyjones.org/2024/03/15/victims-and-prisoners-bill-ipp-prisoners/?fbclid=IwAR1kCk5OwpDgcHGktFy8znaKpedyxoabwOnKjO28dgJumacCG-a80jn5WIc


https://www.facebook.com/groups/ippkatherinegleeson

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You have been invited to take part in a research project looking at the experience of people who apply. 

 Applicants experience of the criminal cases review commission CCRC. 

We would like to hear about the experiences of people who have sought to have a decision in a criminal case rectified via the CCRC. Specifically, we want to learn more about how you or family found your engagement with the CCRC and your experiences of getting legal assistance with your case.
We are happy to speak with people in person, via telephone, or online via MS Teams, as suits you. We will happily travel to meet you if that is most convenient. As recompense of your time, we will also offer you a £15 gift card. As you would expect, all information you tell us will be anonymised, and your details will not be known outside the research team. I have attached a more detailed information notice and consent form for you to look at, but please don’t hesitate to ask any questions that you might have.
If this all sounds OK to you, we'd be delighted to arrange a date and time to speak.
All the best,

Dr Lucy Welsh and Dr Amy Clarke
University of Sussex and University of Brighton.
Copy of file for those unable to open the File
Dear Katherine

Thank you so much for taking the time to contact us about our work.
As you are hopefully aware, we would like to hear about the experiences of people who have sought to have a decision in a criminal case rectified via the CCRC. Specifically, we want to learn more about how you found your engagement with the CCRC and your experiences of getting legal assistance with your case.

We are happy to speak with people in person, via telephone, or online via MS Teams, as suits you. We will happily travel to meet you if that is most convenient. As recompense of your time, we will also offer you a £15 gift card. As you would expect, all information you tell us will be anonymised, and your details will not be known outside the research team. I have attached a more detailed information notice and consent form for you to look at, but please don’t hesitate to ask any questions that you might have.
If this all sounds OK to you, we'd be delighted to arrange a date and time to speak.
All the best,

Dr Lucy Welsh and Dr Amy Clarke
University of Sussex and University of Brighton.
From: Katherinegleeson <katherinegleeson@..........
Sent: 26 March 2024 12:52
To: CCRC Applicants <CCRCApplicants@sussex.ac.uk>
Subject: Crimal cases review
Applicants Email
CCRCApplicants@sussex.ac.uk

PARTICIPANT INFORMATION SHEET

Exploring the Experiences of CCRC Applicants You are invited to take part in a research project looking at the experiences of people who apply (or want to apply) to the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC).
We want to explore individuals’ experiences of applying to the CCRC and their experiences of finding legal representation to support a CCRC application. Before you decide whether or not to take part, please take time to read the following informatioN


WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY? 

The aim of this research is to give a voice to CCRC applicants and prospective applicants. We want to find out what problems applicants face when trying to access legal support and to apply to the CCRC, and their experiences of post-appeal justice. We also want to make recommendations to the CCRC, Ministry of Justice, defence lawyers, and the Legal Aid Agency to improve applicants’ experiences. 

WHY HAVE I BEEN INVITED TO PARTICIPATE? 

You are being invited to participate because we want to hear the experiences of individuals like you who are concerned about being wrongfully convicted and want to have their case reviewed by the CCRC. We are interested in hearing your story, how you found the experience of finding legal representation to help with an appeal, and how you found the experience of applying to the CCRC. We want to speak with people whose cases were rejected by the CCRC, people who made successful applications, as well as people who have considered applying but have not done so. 

DO I HAVE TO TAKE PART?

 Participation is completely voluntary. You can change your mind at any time without giving a reason until 30th June 2024.
After that, it will not be possible to withdraw your story from the research. WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO 

ME IF I TAKE PART? 

If you decide to take part, you will be asked to sign a consent form. You will then be invited to take part in an interview with one of the researchers. The interview will take place at a mutually agreed time in person, online (via Microsoft Teams), or by phone, according to your preference. In person interviews can be arranged in private spaces, for example, in courthouse consultation rooms or lawyers’ offices. Interviews will usually last between 30 and 60 minutes. We will ask questions about your knowledge and experiences of seeking legal representation to help with an appeal, your understanding of the CCRC, your experiences of applying to the CCRC (if you have done so), what influenced your decision to apply (or not) to the CCRC, and what aspects of funding and CCRC processes you think should be done differently, and how. With your permission, the conversation will be recorded and then confidentially transcribed by a university approved transcription service. You can ask for a break or ask for the recording to be stopped at any time. The recording will be destroyed at the end of the project. If you wish to Exploring the Experiences of CCRC Applicants v1 | 10/01/2024 have a copy of the transcript, we will be happy to send you one. You can ask for sections of the transcript or the entire transcript to be removed from our work until 30th June 2024. 

WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE DISADVANTAGES AND RISKS OF TAKING PART?

 Apart from the time you spend doing the interview, you are unlikely to suffer any disadvantages from taking part. If you disclose any experiences that are particularly difficult or painful, or feel negatively impacted by the interview in any way, the researcher will offer to refer you to the appropriate support services. You will also be provided with a list of support services who might be able to help you. WHAT 

ARE THE POSSIBLE BENEFITS OF TAKING PART? 

Taking part in the research will give you the opportunity to tell your story to a non-judgmental listener. Your opinions and experiences will also feed into our research findings. This is important because there has been very little research done on the experiences of CCRC applicants. Our findings will be shared with government officials, members of parliament, appeal lawyers, and the CCRC. Your participation therefore has potential to contribute to improving the experiences of future applicants. As recompense for your time, we will provide you with a £15 supermarket gift card and pay reasonable travel expenses incurred to come to the interview. If you decide to stop the interview or withdraw the information provided, you will still be entitled to this recompense. There are no benefits to your individual case. Nothing you tell us will influence any current or future applications you might make to the CCRC. As researchers, we are also not in a position to involve ourselves in individual cases. 

WILL MY INFORMATION BE KEPT CONFIDENTIAL?

 All information you give us, including the interview recording and transcript, will be kept confidential (unless you tell us about serious and imminent illegal activity or if someone – including you – is at risk of serious harm). While we will know your names and contact details, that information will be securely stored on our work cloud drives in a separate place to your actual interview records. No one except the researchers will know your names and contact details. When the interview is transcribed, you will be given a different name or an identifying number, and this will be kept separate from your personal details. In any project outputs or publications, your story will be fully anonymised. This allows us to share the information we get from interviews with the people who might be able to change the system. You are welcome to ask for more information about how this will be done. HOW LONG WILL MY 

INFORMATION BE KEPT? 

The recording of the interview will be destroyed at the end of the project (2025). Your anonymised transcript will be stored securely on a password protected University of Sussex managed system for ten years to enable the researchers to write reports and other publications. Exploring the Experiences of CCRC Applicants v1 | 10/01/2024 To help other people improve the justice system, the fully anonymised data will also be shared on UK Data Service. This means that other researchers will be able to read the information we gathered in interviews, but no one else will be able to connect you personally to the information. If you are not happy for your anonymised transcript to be stored in the UK Data Service archive, you are welcome to refuse it. You can either tell the researchers directly or decline to tick the relevant box on the consent form. 

WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH? 

The research findings will be published in a publicly available report on the Nuffield Foundation’s website. We intend to share the final report with the CCRC, the Justice Select Committee, the All Party Parliamentary Group for Miscarriages of Justice, the Criminal Appeal Lawyers’ Association, and other interested parties. The findings will also be shared at academic conferences and policy events and will be written up for publication in academic socio-legal journals and relevant professional media. If you would like a copy of the final report, please contact the researchers at the email address below. 

WHO IS ORGANISING AND FUNDING THE RESEARCH? 

Dr Lucy Welsh and Dr Amy Clarke are conducting this research as employees of the University of Sussex and University of Brighton. The research is being funded by the Nuffield Foundation (a charitable trust interested in how the justice system works). 

WHO HAS APPROVED THIS STUDY? 

The research has been approved by the Social Sciences & Arts Cross-Schools Research Ethics Committee (C-REC) at the University of Sussex. The ethical review application number is ER/LCW29/6. The University of Sussex has insurance to cover its legal liabilities in respect of this study. 

WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I WANT TO TAKE PART?


If you are interested in taking part in this research, please contact us in one of the following ways. We can then arrange a day and time for your interview.
Phone: Email: Post: 07716 826482 CCRCApplicants@sussex.ac.uk Amy Clarke, School of Humanities and Social Science, Mithras House, University of Brighton, BN2 4AT 

CONTACT FOR FURTHER INFORMATION


You can contact the Principal Investigator for the project, Dr Lucy Welsh at l.c.welsh@sussex.ac.uk if you have any concerns about the way in which the study is being/has been conducted.
You can also contact the Chair of the Social Sciences & Arts C-REC at c-recss@sussex.ac.uk if you have further concerns.


THANK YOU FOR TAKING TIME TO READ THIS INFORMATION SHEET

 Dr Lucy Welsh & Dr Amy Clarke Exploring the Experiences of CCRC Applicants v1 | 10/01/2024
CONSENT AGREEMENT
Exploring the Experiences of CCRC Applicants
If you have decided to take part in the avove research , please read and complete the consent agreement below and return the signed form in person or via email to CCRCApplicants@sussex.ac.uk

.KatherineGleeson

........................................................................................................................................................


Defendant unlawfully detained by Hmp Wandswoth 

At the Royal Courts of Justice commenced. 

Following submissions, Pepperall J has today handed down judgment making significant criticism of the conduct of HMP Wandsworth and finding that BK was unlawfully detained in breach of his right to liberty. Unusually, and in recognition of the particularly poor conduct of the prison, the Court awarded BK costs on the indemnity High Court issues writ of habeas corpus - defendant unlawfully detained by HMP Wandsworth

The High Court has handed down judgment in an important case concerning habeas corpus and the failures of Wandsworth prison to release prisoners following orders of the criminal courts. 

On 16 January 2024 following a sentencing hearing at Westminster Magistrates’ Court, Kate’s client (BK) was due to be released immediately from the court building. Instead, he was kept in the cells until after court hours and returned to Wandsworth prison, after which the prison decided that the process of BK’s release could wait until the morning. This was unlawful. Following an out of hours application to the High Court which concluded just after 2am on 17 January 2024, Pepperall J issued a writ of habeas corpus which was served on the duty governor of the prison. The prison did not comply with the writ nor make arrangements for BK to be brought to the Royal Courts of Justice as the writ required. BK was released later on the 17 January 2024, shortly before the hearing basis. 

This is the second recent case in which HMP Wandsworth has been found to have unlawfully detained a defendant, and where defence representatives have been forced to seek a writ of habeas corpus in order to vindicate their client’s right to release. In November 2022, Chamberlain J gave judgment in the case of Niagui v. Governor of HMP Wandsworth  [2022] EWHC 2911 (Admin), finding that Wandsworth prison had failed to process the defendant’s release in a timely manner and cautioning the prison to improve its procedures.

In BK v. HM Governor of Wandsworth Prison [2024] EWHC 645 (Admin), Kate was instructed by Bartholomew Dalton of Hickman & Rose.

Contact : m.butchard@doughtystreet.co.uk

https://www.doughtystreet.co.uk/news/high-court-issues-writ-habeas-corpus-defendant-unlawfully-detained-hmp-wandsworth?fbclid=IwAR0eCkLToM7VFmvUcOTler0qCRTNXzXRlEt0L3vRnLiOa5OYNaKQbk8Dy0I

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Prisoner makes landmark parole bid against indefinite jail term 

Prisoner makes landmark parole bid against indefinite jail term

To raise awareness of his plight, he has successfully applied to be the first IPP prisoner to have his parole hearing held in public after new laws came into force to increase transparency around parole decisions.

His plea comes after The Independent revealed a coalition of mental health, human rights and criminal justice experts had issued a joint appeal for parliament to end the “living nightmare” of IPP sentences by pushing through reforms in the Victims and Prisoners Bill. Earlier this month, 11 leading voices called for IPP reform including the Royal College of Psychiatrists, the British Psychological Society, Amnesty International, Justice, Liberty, the United Group for Reform of IPP, the Probation Institute, the Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, Inquest, the Howard League for Penal Reform, and the Prison Reform Trust.Mr Bidar will face a two-day parole hearing on 18 March.

https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-against-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading

https://lordslibrary.parliament.uk/current-affairs-digest-law-february-2024/

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Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

Eliseo Weinstein commented on "Education and safety in prisons, and a connection that must not be ignored"

It is wonderful to read about someone who is so passionate about the education and safety of prisoners who are caught in our penal system. Not everyone who is locked up is some heartless monster and it do well for others to remember that it could actually happen to any of us, especially with the way things are turning out.
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Campaign

The High Court abolished indefinite prison sentences (IPP sentences) in 2012, yet there are still 3500 IPP prisoners, stuck in the prison system 

We demand that;
- The backlog of IPP prisoners is urgently attended to, and IPP prisoners are prioritised for release immediately.
- IPP prisoners are offered the specialist support - indefinite sentencing has a devastating effect on IPP prisoners mental health, 80 IPP prisoners have committed suicide to date 2024.

Why is this important?

IPP prisoners remain in jail indefinitely in England and Wales under the sentence of imprisonment (IPP), which was abolished in 2012 for future offenses. Many have long exceeded the punitive tariff imposed for the offenses they committed, in some cases as little as a few months. However, at present IPP prisoners must seek release on parole on the same terms as life sentence prisoners, although the Justice Secretary has a statutory power to establish a new release test. In several cases the European Court of Human Rights has found continued IPP detention to be arbitrary and in breach of Convention rights.

Lord Lloyd of Berwick, former Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, said:
"There are thousands IPP people in prison who arguably shouldn’t be there and have no release date. A senior high court judge describes them as ‘the disappeared'...“This is a crime against humanity. We are talking about people here who have paid for their crime who have finished their sentence who want to return home to their families build their life’s back up”

IPP sentance is effecting the prisoners Mental Health

It should also be noted that apart from the IPP prisoners themselves, the real losers are their family and friends who are often left struggling to understand the realities of an IPP sentence often at a loss as to what to do about the nightmare situation in which they find themselves.

Further information:
1. The Guardian - "Former law lord says 3,500 prisoners behind bars longer than necessary" - http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/mar/05/lord-lloyd-prisoners-chris-grayling-indefinite-sentences

How it will be delivered

Update. There is now 2400 approx IPP Prisoners still detained. The Mental health of the prisoners was reported 2008 - https://www.centreformentalhealth.org.uk/sites/default/files/in_the_dark.pdf .
There since has been 80 IPP Prisoner deaths. One IPP prisoner on hunger strike. IPP Prisoners have had Mental break downs and som e sent to  Psychiatric hospitals. Rehabilitation, means to restore not torture. 2000 will still be there in 2024
The petition will be delivered by hand.

Release the Remaining IPP Prisoners | 38 Degrees


References

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/nicholas-bidar-parole-bid-sentence-ipp-prison-b2514269.html?fbclid=IwAR2vCbQGugen7tnSf-5x1SQagdKJ4Qv1xzgtTjkt1Ab7Bt4ynFIMgognefo

https://www.doughtystreet.co.uk/news/high-court-issues-writ-habeas-corpus-defendant-unlawfully-detained-hmp-wandsworth?

fbclid=IwAR0eCkLToM7VFmvUcOTler0qCRTNXzXRlEt0L3vRnLiOa5OYNaKQbk8Dy0I

https://howardleague.org/events/spotlights-the-ipp-sentence/?

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/nicholas-bidar-parole-bid-sentence-ipp-prison-b2514269.html?fbclid=IwAR2vCbQGugen7tnSf-5x1SQagdKJ4Qv1xzgtTjkt1Ab7Bt4ynFIMgognefo

https://www.facebook.com/groups/ippkatherinegleeson

https://jennyjones.org/2024/03/15/victims-and-prisoners-bill-ipp-prisoners/?fbclid=IwAR1kCk5OwpDgcHGktFy8znaKpedyxoabwOnKjO28dgJumacCG-a80jn5WIc

https://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/legislation/bills-acts/legal-aid-sentencing/ipp-factsheet.pdf#:~:text=Sentences%20of%20Imprisonment%20for%20Public%20Protection%20%28IPPs%29%20were,term%20%28tariff%29%20which%20they%20must%20spend%20in%20prison.

https://twitter.com/PeterStefanovi2

https://lordslibrary.parliament.uk/current-affairs-digest-law-february-2024/

Friday 1 December 2023

Licence period terminated earlier as part of new reforms.

                                                      

Published 28 November 2023

Reforms bring hope to rehabilitated people still serving abolished indefinite sentences. Thousands of rehabilitated ex-prisoners serving long-since abolished indefinite sentences will become eligible to have their licence period terminated earlier as part of new reforms.

 

more than 1,800 people could see unjust, long-served sentences end by March 2025

reduces numbers still on licence despite being rehabilitated, long after the end of their original sentence

only those living safely in the community are eligible

Offenders released from prison on licence while serving Imprisonment for Public Protection (IPP) sentences currently have to wait a minimum of 10 years before they can have their licence reviewed by the Parole Board.

The new changes will mean IPP offenders serving their sentence in the community are referred for review 3 years after their first release.

IPP sentences were introduced in 2005, designed to prevent offenders who were considered dangerous from being released even though the offence did not merit a life sentence. There is broad consensus against the IPP sentence and the policy was scrapped in 2012 due to the inconsistent and more frequent application of these sentences than was intended.

If a licence is not terminated at the three-year mark by the Parole Board, it will automatically terminate after a further two years if the offender is not recalled to prison in that time. This is the first time these offenders will have a defined ‘end date’ to their sentence.

Lord Chancellor and Justice Secretary, Alex Chalk KC, said:  

We are taking decisive action to curtail IPP licence periods to give rehabilitated people the opportunity to move on with their lives, while continuing to make sure the public are protected from the most serious offenders.

This is a major step towards wiping away the stain of IPP sentences from our justice system, without compromising public protection.

The changes will be applied retrospectively, meaning licences will immediately end for around 1,800 rehabilitated offenders once the legislation comes into force. Offenders who have been recalled to prison or taken into secure hospitals will not be eligible.

The government has amended its Victims and Prisoners Bill to make these changes which will accelerate the process of reducing the number of people bound by IPP sentences.

Around 800 will become newly eligible for Parole Board consideration by March 2025. The new legislation will also introduce a presumption that the Parole Board will terminate the licence unless it is still required to protect the public to give offenders the best opportunity to move on from their sentence.

Since IPP sentences were scrapped in 2012, the number of unreleased IPP prisoners has been reduced by three-quarters and those in custody are being supported to progress towards release through the government’s refreshed IPP Action Plan.

The legislation is expected to come into force 2 months after the Bill receives Royal Assent.

 Published 28 November 2023

   Reforms bring hope to rehabilitated people still serving abolished indefinite sentences - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)    

 




                                                               

Parole Board letter.


Dear Martin Jones

Just wanting to touch base with you on the changes now being instigated by the executive, which are of course extremely welcomed?


I have had a number of calls from family members telling me that their loved ones’ were in tears on the phone when they were told the revision from 10 years to 3 years, with an absolute termination of 5.  So many in custody that have had positive release decisions are asking whether their licence will be terminated once they are released.


I am sure that you are undoubtedly very busy trying to work out some sort of schedule for the licence reviews to be done but I would be grateful if you could clarify a couple of questions which I am now being asked on a regular basis.

1)    IPPs who’s initial release date was over 5 years ago and who are currently in the community, will their licence now be terminated without the need for a licence review?

2)    Those who are currently in custody on recall, who have an initial release date of over 5 years ago, once they get a positive release decision will their licence be terminated upon release?

The final question is when will these changes be implement?


We are of course still concerned about those that as of yet have not been successful at getting a positive release decision as these changes do not help those who have yet not managed to meet the high bar needed to obtain release. 


Many thanks for your time


Yours sincerely

 

Mr J. Owen


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To: Martin Jones 
Subject: Re: IPP review procedure clarification

 

Thank you jez,
just whats required, clarification.

my apologies foR not always being able to get back each time sooner I have three long-running cases on the go. i thought i would mention my current legal case as it could support inmates

My current case is a civil matter, you can’t get legal aid for a civil matter unless you are willing to pay yourself however i found a way around, you may of heard about the Exceptional funding cases i didnt t until searched and i applied

There is the document to fill. In the beginning, I decided to fill them in myself, but I realized they didn't have a system where they could check your application was correctly filled in even though they said they would on the phone.
I have applied to legal aid under Dyslexia as this comes under communications and of course, an advocate who the legal aid 3rd part y solicitor who fills in the forms, free, which in my case they did. I am now awaiting a decision.

i read you can apply for exceptional circumstances for many different reasons, believe it's a learning disability this could be reading and writing, ADHD, autism, mental health, emotional difficulties, etc anything that affects communication.
Although you might be capable of doing the case yourself if you had the resources, you might be in a situation that means you can’t access what you need to do the case. You might be in prison, or in another country where you don’t have access to the information you need. even open to IPP prisoners. a case might be so complicated that you still can’t do it on your own.

This is most likely to be the case if the case involves a reading difficulty. legal issue that any untrained person couldn’t realistically handle themselves.
iPhone asked for reasonable adjustments to fill in the forms for the exceptional funding legail aid 3rd party firm does it on the phone or by video link and sends it back to you to send to legal aid . the firm is a third party company that does the form on behalf of legal aid. 10 days for urgent non-urgent is 25 days

do you think this will be helfull and if so this could be shortened with links? what are your thoughts could this be useful info for inmates in or out of prison for those with disabilities or none individuals whose cases are difficult or need advice? i added links

Applying-for-ECF-without-a-rep.pdf (publiclawproject.org.uk)
Applying-for-ECF-without-a-rep.pdf (publiclawproject.org.uk)

Katherine gleeson
katherinegleeson@aol.com


Thank you jez

IPP support group


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                    Court of Appeal quashes sentence 

06 Jul 23

Court of Appeal quashes sentence of Imprisonment for Public Protection

The Court of Appeal granted a 13 year extension of time and allowed the appeal of PF against the sentence of Imprisonment for Public Protection imposed in 2010 for an offence of Aggravated burglary. PF had remained in prison since his sentence. Farrhat Arshad, representing PF, argued that a lesser sentence would have adequately protected the public and argued that the trial judge had erred in imposing the draconian sentence. The Court agreed and replaced the sentence with an Extended Sentence resulting in the appellant’s immediate release.

Farrhat was appointed to represent PF by the Registrar of Criminal Appeals.

 

Court of Appeal quashes sentence of Imprisonment for Public Protection | Doughty Street Chambers

Chez Nic - Here’s Full video I did with sky recently On ipp for... | Facebook


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Saturday 22 April 2023

IPP Imprisonment Jail terms a death sentence. Controversial “never-ending” sentence .


 

 A man jailed under a controversial Imprisonment for Public Protection (IPP) sentence ended up taking his own life in jail ten years later.

Gary Sheehan was handed the IPP sentence for minor  crime  and was told he would have to serve at least 24 months but he was never released. He had his sentence increased in 2017 after absconding from an open prison carrying a knife.


After that he was moved to HMP Full Sutton near Pocklington in 2018. A year later he was due to be moved to an open prison following a Parole Board hearing but was sent to Hull Prison instead. He was found dead in his cell in June 2020, aged in his 50s, having taken his own life.

Read more:Multiple failings identified after burglar found dead in cell at Hull Prison

Sheehan was the subject of an IPP sentence which were introduced in April 2005. They were designed to protect the public from serious offenders whose crimes did not merit a life sentence.

Offenders sentenced to an IPP are set a minimum term (tariff) which they must spend in prison. After they have completed their tariff they can apply to the Parole Board for release. If offenders are given parole they will be on supervised licence for at least 10 years. If offenders are refused parole they can only apply again after one year.

In June 18, staff moved Sheehan to the VP wing after he said he was under threat from other prisoners. Two days later, he cut his wrists after alleging he remained under threat from other prisoners on the VP wing. Staff started suicide and self-harm procedures (known as ACCT).

On June 21 at around 3.50pm, during an ACCT check, staff found Sheehan hanging in his cell. Staff called a medical emergency code and started CPR. Healthcare staff attended shortly afterwards and continued with CPR. Paramedics arrived and took over resuscitation attempts, but they were unsuccessful and they pronounced Sheehan’s death at 4.45pm.

But Prison Ombudsman Ms McAllister found few areas of concern at either Full Sutton or Hull but did make some recommendations, particularly regarding the healthcare staff.

What a basic cell looks like inside HMP Full Sutton. This picture was taken in 2010.

In the report she said: “We found that, on balance, staff at Full Sutton and Hull investigated Mr Sheehan’s allegations that he was being threatened by other prisoners and supported him as far as they could with the information available to them. We also found that staff at Hull managed the ACCT procedures appropriately.

“We found no evidence that staff at Full Sutton told Mr Sheehan why he was moving to Hull rather than to open conditions as recommended by the Parole Board. However, we consider that the move to Hull was reasonable as a short-term measure and was probably not a significant factor in Mr Sheehan’s death.

 IPP As at 30 September 2021, there were 9,254 (8,306 male; 326 female) indeterminate sentenced prisoners (those serving Imprisonment for Public Protection (IPP) sentences and life sentences). Although this represents a slight overall decrease (-2%), there was a 24% increase in the number of prisoners serving indeterminate sentences in the 18-20 years age bracket when compared with 30 September 2020.

The number of unreleased prisoners (6,971) serving life sentences is broadly unchanged from one year ago but there was a small (5%) decrease in the number of prisoners still held beyond their tariff expiry date. The number of unreleased IPP prisoners fell by 12% to 1,661. At point of sentencing, offenders are given a minimum time period (“tariff”) that they need to serve in prison before they can apply to the Parole Board for release. The majority of the unreleased IPP prisoners have been held for more than eight years beyond the end of their tariff.

The number of recalled prisoners serving life sentences increased by 10% to 658 when compared to September 2020 whilst the number of recalled Imprisonment for Public Protection (IPP) prisoners was unchanged from one year ago.

45% served more than 10 years longer than the tariff they were given. Since December 2022, 98% of people serving an IPP sentence who had never been released from prison, were past their tariff expiry date. Numbers originally given a tariff of less than two yearwas 

INQUEST has supported 27 bereaved families of IPP prisoners who died between 2008 to 2021. In what follows, we outline the circumstances of the deaths of six IPP prisoners. Their deaths highlight key issues in the IPP sentence.

The sentence was abolished in 2012, although existing IPP prisoners continue to serve their sentences.

The Prison and Probation Ombudsman (PPO) has investigated several cases, related to both deaths in prison and complaints, of prisoners who were serving IPP sentences over the years. Between 2007 and 2018 the PPO investigated 54 self-inflicted deaths of prisoners serving IPP sentences.

The following case studies highlight examples of these cases.

Case Study A

Mr A, who was 35, received an IPP sentence for robbery with a tariff of two years and nine months. After five years in custody he was released, but three years later he returned to prison when he breached the terms of his licence.

During the three years after his return to prison, he repeatedly told staff he could not cope with his sentence and sought help from healthcare for anxiety. He was often challenging to manage.

Three weeks before he died, Mr A was moved to the segregation unit after he and two other prisoners barricaded themselves in a cell. That evening, Mr A made cuts to his wrist and staff began ACCT procedures. He was assessed by the mental health team, GPs and a psychiatrist. He was offered medication for anxiety and depression but often refused to take it because he said it made him feel worse.

Mr A said his IPP sentence was “killing him” and that he was concerned at plans to recategorise him from category C to B, which he feared would mean a move to a prison further from his family. He repeatedly told staff that he would kill himself after his next visit from his family.

Mr A’s mother visited him a week later. On the same day, he was told he was being recategorised to B. At an ACCT review that afternoon, staff considered that Mr A’s risk of suicide and self-harm had increased but they did not increase the frequency with which he was checked (which remained at once an hour). In the early hours of the next morning, an officer found Mr A hanged in his cell.

Case Study B

Mr B entered custody as a teenager on a short minimum tariff. When he complained to the PPO, he had been in prison for over 10 years. He had recently been recategorised from C to B and transferred to a new prison. He believed these decisions were unfairly impeding his progress.

Mr B believed that returning to his previous prison was important for his release because he had been working well with his therapist and had access to an onsite therapeutic community, a facility his new prison lacked.

Mr B wrote to us about the decision to recategorise and transfer him. Our investigation found that while Mr B had worked hard to reduce his risk of serious harm, we also found evidence of poor behaviour and control issues, and did not uphold this part of his complaint. Further, we agreed that Mr B’s behaviour presented a challenge to the prison and likely had an impact on other prisoners.

We were concerned about the case more broadly, however. While we found that efforts had been made to secure a progressive transfer for Mr B, he was essentially still in prison due to his poor behaviour. We felt that a failure of provision (specifically – the inability to locate Mr B with a therapeutic community and the inability to address his decline in behaviour) were preventing Mr B from making progress. We called for a review of the case and that this review should assess Mr B’s sentence plan and provide further support for progression.

Case Study C

Mr C received an IPP sentence with a tariff of three years. After seven years in custody, the Parole Board recommended a transfer to open conditions to prepare for release. He was recategorized to D and transferred, and was looking forward to proving himself and working towards his release. Later that year, he was approved to begin community work, made eight unescorted visits in the community and completed offending behaviour programmes.

Two days before Mr C’s death, he was accused of assaulting a prisoner and was moved to the segregation unit during the investigation. While there, Mr C was safety screened and assessed, at which point he said he was fine and made no complaints. The following morning, a duty manager visited Mr C and recorded that he seemed in good spirits. That afternoon an officer delivered a letter confirming Mr C was being transferred. It read: ‘It is alleged you assaulted another offender. You are to be moved to closed conditions pending police investigation’. That officer delivering the letter recorded that he took the news well.

Mr C was assessed by staff on arrival in his new prison. They were told he had not self-harmed, did not have a history of depression or thoughts of suicide, and concluded that he was not at risk of suicide. At reception, however, he called his father and said: ‘All right man, it’s coming back here and all that going through the same procedure again, feel like proper locked up again not even getting up’.

That night Mr C was not placed on special monitoring measures as he was found to not be at risk. At morning roll check, he was found hanging with jogging bottoms tied around his neck. Arriving paramedics assessed that he had been dead for some time.

Our investigation found several issues with the management of Mr C’s risk of suicide. During the two days he spent in segregation, he was assessed as not being at risk of suicide. We did not find staff had considered that Mr C’s new circumstances had increased his risk as an IPP prisoner. We also found that on arrival at closed conditions, again staff concluded that Mr C was not at risk of suicide. There was no evidence that staff had considered that Mr C’s transfer might have added considerable time to his sentence.

We recommended that prisons should ensure that all the known risk factors for newly arriving prisoners are fully considered and documented when determining an individual’s risk of suicide and self-harm.

 

As at September 2019, 2,059 prisoners continue to serve an IPP sentence in custody. We are aware of initiatives in HMPPS to identify, and prioritise, those cases where people are over tariff and not progressing towards release. 


Inquest concludes into death of IPP prisoner Charlotte Nokes seven years over original tariff.

Before HM Assistant Coroner Simon MilburnHuntingdon Town Hall

24 February – 3 March 2020

The inquest into the death of Charlotte Nokes has today concluded with the jury finding her death was by ‘natural causes’. Charlotte was 38 when she was found dead in her cell in HMP Peterborough on the morning of 23 July 2016. She was serving an indefinite Imprisonment for Public Protection (IPP) sentence and was over seven years over the minimum tariff when she died.

The jury concluded the medical cause of Charlotte’s death was “Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome”. The coroner’s decision on whether to write a follow up report to Prevent Future Deaths is awaited. The family hope their concerns around the adequacy of cell observations, and the risk of suicide for IPP prisoners, will be highlighted.

Known to her family as Charlie or Lottie, they described her as funny, intelligent, charismatic and creative. She was an extremely talented artist whose work was exhibited by the Koestler Trust. She developed her passion for art whilst in prison and had been offered a scholarship to study at Central St Martins on release.

Charlotte was given an IPP sentence on 4 January 2008. She was to serve a minimum term of 15 months imprisonment. However, at the time of her death, she had served 8½ years in custody. The jury heard that the indefinite nature of Charlotte’s sentence, and her fear that she would never be released from prison, contributed to a sense of extreme hopelessness. She described her sentence to her family as a death sentence. The inquest heard that despite being seven years over tariff, Charlotte was only at the very early stages of being ready to engage with the therapeutic help she needed to begin the path to release.

The inquest heard that Charlotte had been diagnosed with a Personality Disorder and was prescribed a number of antipsychotic drugs to treat her symptoms. In the months leading up to her death, she often appeared over-sedated, drowsy and was slurring her speech. The jury heard that some of her depot medication was administered for unusually long periods.

At the time of her death, Charlotte was placed on suicide and self-harm monitoring procedures, known as Assessment, Care in Custody and Teamwork (ACCT) after she had attempted to take her life. Charlotte was on twice hourly observations as part of the ACCT process. Despite this, the inquest jury heard that she died a number of hours before she was found at 08:35, despite documented welfare checks throughout the night and concerns about her welfare.

On the morning of 23 July 2017, Charlotte was checked at 07:23, 07:53 and 08:12. She was noted to be asleep in an upright position. At 08:30 another officer looked through the observation panel to Charlotte’s cell. She noted that Charlotte appeared to have been in the same strange sleeping position as the night before – she was sitting upright and slumped forward. She unlocked Charlotte’s cell and called her name. There was no response. She called Charlotte’s name and again there was no response. She then shook Charlotte’s shoulder and noticed that she was cold to touch, her whole body was stiff and her face was “very red and dark purple, further than bruising”. She raised the alarm. Paramedics arrived but by that time Charlotte could not be resuscitated. She was pronounced dead at 08:55. The evidence of the pathologist was that Charlotte had died some time before she was discovered, possibly 3-4 hours earlier.

On behalf of her family, Charlotte’s father Steven Nokes said: “As a family, we remain concerned about the way Charlotte was treated in prison and do not believe the care she received was appropriate. She had many struggles in life, was beaten up for being ‘different’ and experienced mental ill health. Prison was never the best place for her. The indefinite sentence only made this worse. Charlotte lost hope and so did we. She told us the IPP sentence was really a life sentence, and despite her hopes and dreams of moving to London to study art, she knew she would die in prison. This cannot continue.”

Steven spoke in detail to The Guardian during the inquest.

Deborah Coles, Director of INQUEST, 

saidCharlotte was trapped in limbo, her ambitions and prospects indefinitely on pause. She was forced to wait for action to truly end IPP sentences, despite them having long been deemed unlawful and ‘abolished’. Had she not died it is likely she would have still been in prison waiting for that action, as many others are.

For far too many women, prison remains a disproportionate and inappropriate response to their behaviour and needs. Indefinite sentences continue to cause additional harm. To prevent further deaths and harm, Government must work across health, social care and justice departments to dismantle failing women’s prisons and invest in specialist community led women’s services.”

Tara Mulcair of Birnberg Peirce who represents Charlotte’s family

said“Charlotte’s inquest has shone a light on the injustice faced by IPP prisoners. Charlotte was caught in a vicious cycle of indefinite incarceration, which created a strong sense of hopelessness and exacerbated her poor mental health, which in turn led to her continued detention.  In Charlotte’s mind, there was no prospect of release, as is the case for many still serving IPP sentences. There should now be an urgent review of all IPP prisoners who are over tariff and were sentenced before the Courts recognised that these sentences are unlawful. It is time to put right this injustice.”

Tommy Nicol died in 2015

After trying to take his own life two years past his four-year minimum tariff./2019/jan/10/family-ipp-prisoner-tommy-nicol-indeterminate-sentence


Karl Maroni, 33, has spent all his adult life in jail.Aged 18 he committed  a offence and was convicted.He was told the minimum time he'd be in prison would be three and a half years.But 16 years and 17 jails later he's still there, "left to rot", he says.He's never had a bank account, never owned a smartphone and never used social media.Speaking from the low-secure mental unit where he's currently detained, he says he's come close to "giving up"."I was self-harming, getting into trouble, feeling really low and depressed, not knowing when I was going to get out," he said. sadly numbers  are landing up in mental institutions as a direct result of not being given a release date. 


INQUEST into death of IPP sentenced prisoner Lewis Powter

The below media release is reshared from Bhatt Murphy solicitors. The inquest concluded with critical findings, see media coverage

18 July 2022

The inquest into the death of Lewis Powter is to be heard before HM Assistant Coroner Lorna Skinner at Cambridge and Peterborough Coroner’s Court in Huntingdon on 18 – 19 July 2022. Lewis Powter was 36 years old when he died on 10 May 2020 at his home in Sawston.

Background
When he was 23 years old Lewis was given an indefinite sentence for public protection for GBH; his minimum term was set at just two years. Despite his tariff expiring in 2009 Lewis was not released until 2011. He was released and then recalled five times prior to his death.

 In prison he was assessed as high risk of death . On 18 January 2017 Lewis was assaulted by three Sodexo officers at HMP Peterborough. Those officers were subject to disciplinary proceedings leading to the dismissal of one officer, another officer receiving a final warning and a third officer receiving a warning. Since the assault Lewis experienced PTSD symptoms including hypervigilance.

In June 2019 Lewis was recalled after being out in the community for four days following being late back for his curfew due to cancelled public transport. The National Probation Service in a report stated that the recall was “inappropriate” but despite this Lewis was not released until November 2019. Upon his release he experienced extreme anxiety and fear about being recalled to prison.

In 2008 HM Prisons published a thematic report into IPP sentences which highlighted the impact of serving an IPP sentence on prisoners’ emotional and mental health, including self-harm. In 2008 the Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health also published a report which highlighted the negative impact that serving an indeterminate sentence had on prisoners’ mental health and wellbeing. In 2012 the IPP sentence was abolished; but for those IPP prisoner like Lewis there was no change to their sentence.

Leah Biamonti, Lewis's mother, said: "The IPP sentence my son was serving at the time of his death was insufferable both for him but also the family who supported him, taking a great toll. His two children, growing up without him, were confused by his multiple recalls to prison.

Although released from prison for the first time in 2011, it felt as if it was just the beginning , never given the opportunity to adjust to anything that could be recognised as a semblance of a ‘normal’ life, before being recalled for a rule break, to start the protracted cycle again of working towards another potential release. Each release characterised by a lack of practical support and , in my view, especially with early release’s, a lack of understanding of the extent to which the IPP sentence impacted on the mental and emotional health of individuals, extreme feelings of uncertainty, hopelessness, depression , and as we know now high rates of suicide in the IPP population, and in my sons case extreme and immobilising anxiety.

In our experience there are insufficient support systems in place to support those with complex needs as a result of, or exacerbated by an IPP sentence, relying heavily on family to help rebuild a future in the community. Although it no longer exists , the IPP sentence remains in place for many who are utterly stuck within a sick and broken system.

Release from prison is not the end, it is a time when knowledge and understanding of the impact of this inhumane sentence matters, and when the most intensive support is needed to aid both practical and psychological readjustment to life outside prison, and to support the prevention of what is currently an almost inevitable recall to prison."


Lucy McKay, spokesperson for the charity INQUEST, said: “The evidence on the harmful impacts of unlawful indefinite prison sentences is clear and well founded. Yet thousands of people are still languishing in prison with IPP sentences, or living in the community with the endless threat of recall for the most minor slip ups. IPP sentences were rightly abolished in 2012, so why in 2020 was Lewis still forced to live with this unjust sentence on his shoulders? We hope this inquest offers necessary scrutiny of the circumstances of his death, and considers ongoing issues for those in a similar position”

IPP As at 30 September 2021, there were 9,254 (8,306 male; 326 female) indeterminate sentenced prisoners (those serving Imprisonment for Public Protection (IPP) sentences and life sentences). Although this represents a slight overall decrease (-2%), there was a 24% increase in the number of prisoners serving indeterminate sentences in the 18-20 years age bracket when compared with 30 September 2020.

The number of unreleased prisoners (6,971) serving life sentences is broadly unchanged from one year ago but there was a small (5%) decrease in the number of prisoners still held beyond their tariff expiry date. The number of unreleased IPP prisoners fell by 12% to 1,661. At point of sentencing, offenders are given a minimum time period (“tariff”) that they need to serve in prison before they can apply to the Parole Board for release. The majority of the unreleased IPP prisoners have been held for more than eight years beyond the end of their tariff.

The number of recalled prisoners serving life sentences increased by 10% to 658 when compared to September 2020 whilst the number of recalled Imprisonment for Public Protection (IPP) prisoners was unchanged from one year ago.

45% served more than 10 years longer than the tariff they were given. Since December 2022, 98% of people serving an IPP sentence who had never been released from prison, were past their tariff expiry date. Numbers originally given a tariff of less than two years.


INQUEST into death of IPP  prisoner Lewis Powter

The below media release is reshared from Bhatt Murphy solicitors. The inquest concluded with critical findings, see media coverage

18 July 2022

The inquest into the death of Lewis Powter is to be heard before HM Assistant Coroner Lorna Skinner at Cambridge and Peterborough Coroner’s Court in Huntingdon on 18 – 19 July 2022. Lewis Powter was 36 years old when he died on 10 May 2020 at his home in Sawston.

Background
When he was 23 years old Lewis was given an indefinite sentence for public protection for GBH; his minimum term was set at just two years. Despite his tariff expiring in 2009 Lewis was not released until 2011. He was released and then recalled five times prior to his death.

Lewis had epilepsy and complex mental health needs including EUPD, PTSD, substance misuse and anxiety. In prison he was assessed as high risk of death by misadventure. On 18 January 2017 Lewis was assaulted by three Sodexo officers at HMP Peterborough. Those officers were subject to disciplinary proceedings leading to the dismissal of one officer, another officer receiving a final warning and a third officer receiving a warning. Since the assault Lewis experienced PTSD symptoms including hypervigilance.

In June 2019 Lewis was recalled after being out in the community for four days following being late back for his curfew due to cancelled public transport. The National Probation Service in a report stated that the recall was “inappropriate” but despite this Lewis was not released until November 2019. Upon his release he experienced extreme anxiety and fear about being recalled to prison.

In 2008 HM Prisons published a thematic report into IPP sentences which highlighted the impact of serving an IPP sentence on prisoners’ emotional and mental health, including self-harm. In 2008 the Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health also published a report which highlighted the negative impact that serving an indeterminate sentence had on prisoners’ mental health and wellbeing. In 2012 the IPP sentence was abolished; but for those IPP prisoner like Lewis there was no change to their sentence.

Leah Biamonti, Lewis's mother, said: "The IPP sentence my son was serving at the time of his death was insufferable both for him but also the family who supported him, taking a great toll. His two children, growing up without him, were confused by his multiple recalls to prison.

Although released from prison for the first time in 2011, it felt as if it was just the beginning , never given the opportunity to adjust to anything that could be recognised as a semblance of a ‘normal’ life, before being recalled for rule breaking, to start the protracted cycle again of working towards another potential release. Each release characterised by a lack of practical support and , in my view, especially with early release’s, a lack of understanding of the extent to which the IPP sentence impacted on the mental and emotional health of individuals, extreme feelings of uncertainty, hopelessness, depression , and as we know now high rates of suicide in the IPP population, and in my sons case extreme and immobilising anxiety.

In our experience there are insufficient support systems in place to support those with complex needs as a result of, or exacerbated by an IPP sentence, relying heavily on family to help rebuild a future in the community. Although it no longer exists , the IPP sentence remains in place for many who are utterly stuck within a sick and broken system.

Release from prison is not the end, it is a time when knowledge and understanding of the impact of this inhumane sentence matters, and when the most intensive support is needed to aid both practical and psychological readjustment to life outside prison, and to support the prevention of what is currently an almost inevitable recall to prison."


Lucy McKay, spokesperson for the charity INQUEST, said: “The evidence on the harmful impacts of unlawful indefinite prison sentences is clear and well founded. Yet thousands of people are still languishing in prison with IPP sentences, or living in the community with the endless threat of recall for the most minor slip ups. IPP sentences were rightly abolished in 2012, so why in 2020 was Lewis still forced to live with this unjust sentence on his shoulders? We hope this inquest offers necessary scrutiny of the circumstances of his death, and considers ongoing issues for those in a similar position”

Leah Biamonti is represented in the forthcoming inquest by Jane Ryan of Bhatt Murphy solicitors and Stephen Clark of Garden Court chambers. For further information please contact: j.ryan@bhattmurphy.co.uk

 

INQUEST 

has supported 27 bereaved families of IPP prisoners who died between 2008 to 2021. In what follows, we outline the circumstances of the deaths of six IPP prisoners. Their deaths highlight key issues in the IPP sentence.

Introduction, Written evidence from INQUEST

INQUEST on related deaths and their investigation. For four decades, The inqesat has provided expertise to bereaved people, lawyers, advice and support agencies, the media and parliamentarians. Our specialist casework includes deaths in prison and police custody, immigration detention, mental health settings and deaths involving multi-agency failings or where wider issues of state and corporate accountability are in question. INQUEST’s Executive Director, Deborah Coles, sits on the cross-government Ministerial Board on Deaths in Custody a member of the Independent Advisory Panel on Deaths in Custody.

IPP Prisoners

The inquest  welcomes the Justice Committee’s new inquiry into Imprisonment of (IPP) sentences in prison. In this submission, we provide an overview of the detrimental consequences of IPP sentences for prisoners informed by our casework and expertise on investigations and inquests into deaths.

Prisons, by their very nature, are dehumanising places which create and intensify vulnerability. This is further heightened for the 1,661 people who remain on indeterminate sentences, not knowing when they will be released. INQUEST has worked on a number of deaths in prison which have been linked to the harms of IPP sentences. In this submission, we draw attention to the way in which the IPP sentence has a severely harmful impact on the mental and physical health of prisoners. We highlight the deaths of three men, one woman and two anonymous people whose experiences reflect the damaging and fatal effects of the IPP sentence. We make recommendations to bring an end to the harm caused to prisoners and their families by IPP sentences.

Overview

According to the most current statistics[1] released by the Ministry of Justice, there were a total of 1,661 people imprisoned under IPP sentences as of 30 September 2021. The percentage of post-tariff IPP prisoners continues to rise: 96% of IPP prisoners were post-tariff in June 2021 compared to 94% in June 2020[2] and 91% in March 2019[3]. As of 30 September 2021, the majority of unreleased IPP prisoners had been held for more than eight years beyond the end of their tariff[4]. Furthermore, the number of recalled IPP prisoners grew by 184% from 477 to 1,357 from 30 September 2015 to 30 September 2020[5]. As of 30 September 2021, 1,357 IPP prisoners had been recalled to custody[6] [7]. Bereaved families that INQUEST has worked with have also said that IPP prisoners often struggle to gain placement on rehabilitation courses that are required by the Parole Board for release[8].

The Independent Advisory Panel on Deaths in Custody stated in their 2019 briefing paper[9] that, “the close links between hopelessness, self-harm and suicide … suggests that IPP prisoners are a particularly vulnerable group in custody and – as the number over-tariff grows – the risk is thought to be increasing”. IPP prisoners have been shown[10] to suffer disproportionately high rates of self-harm, with a self-harm rate of 550 per 1000 prisoners compared to 324 per 1000 prisoners for determinate-sentenced prisoners. The self-harm rate of IPP prisoners is more than twice as much as that of prisoners serving life sentences. Since the IPP sentence was introduced in 2005, UNGRIPP state that 70 people serving IPP sentences have taken their own lives[11].

Case Studies

In what follows, we outline the circumstances of the deaths of six IPP prisoners. Their deaths highlight key issues in the IPP sentence.

Tommy Nicol[12] [13]

Tommy Nicol was a 37-year-old mixed-race White and Middle Eastern man who died at Watford General Hospital on 25 September 2015 after being found with a ligature around his neck in his cell at HMP The Mount three days earlier. In November 2009, Tommy received an IPP sentence with a minimum term of four years, but at the time of his death he had served six years with no immediate hope of being released. In January 2015, Tommy made a complaint to the prison in which he described his inability to progress in his IPP sentence towards release as “psychological torture of a person who is doing 99 years”. In June 2015, the Parole Board’s review of Tommy’s sentence concluded that Tommy should do further “motivational and psychological” work before release, recommending that he complete a course of therapy, but Tommy was unable to secure a place. Tommy expressed frustration about not being able to do the required therapy course ahead of the review, with his next Parole Board review not due until February 2017. After the Parole Board review, Tommy’s mental health deteriorated until the time of his death, as he seriously self-harmed and when moved to segregation, began displaying psychotic symptoms. Tommy received no mental health support in the four days he spent in segregation, despite spending over 24 hours in an unfurnished cell.

 

The inquest heard evidence from consultant forensic psychiatrist Dr Dinesh Maganty, who said that the IPP sentence had contributed to Tommy’s death “more than anything else” as it made him “lose hope”. Dr Dinesh Maganty described Tommy’s risk level on the day of his death as the highest it could have been, referring to the “perfect storm of risk factors” including his IPP sentence. Tommy’s sister, Donna Mooney, said “My brother was jailed for a minimum term of four years, yet two years after he had completed his tariff, he was still in jail. Tommy became more and more desperate, but nobody would listen to him. The prison authorities didn’t even carry out a mental health assessment despite his very high risk of self-harm and suicide.”

Charlotte Nokes[14]

Charlotte Nokes was a 38-year-old woman who was found dead in her cell at HMP Peterborough on the morning of 23 July 2016. The inquest jury concluded the medical cause of Charlotte’s death was Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome. In 2008, Charlotte was sentenced to an IPP sentence with a minimum term of 15 months, but at the time of her death, Charlotte had been in prison for over eight and a half years. Charlotte had mental and physical health diagnoses including borderline personality disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. In the months leading up to her death, Charlotte was prescribed heavy doses of medication to treat her mental and physical health that left her appearing heavily sedated. At the time of her death, she was placed on an ACCT (Assessment, Care in Custody and Teamwork - the care planning process for prisoners identified as being at risk of suicide or self-harm) after she had attempted to take her life.

The inquest jury heard that despite being seven years over tariff, Charlotte was only at the early stages of being ready to engage with the therapeutic help she needed to begin the path to release. Furthermore, the inquest heard that the indefinite nature of Charlotte’s sentence, and her fear that she would never be released from prison, contributed to a sense of extreme hopelessness. Charlotte described the IPP sentence as a death sentence to her family. Nicky Asplin, the principal counselling psychologist who worked with Charlotte in the months before she died, told the inquest jury that during a therapy session shortly before her death, Charlotte expressed “a lot of frustration at the never-ending sentence of an IPP prison sentence”[15]. Tara Mulclair of Birnberg Peirce who represented Charlotte’s family at the inquest, said that Charlotte’s indefinite incarceration “created a strong sense of hopelessness and exacerbated her poor mental health”.

Charlotte’s father, Steven Nokes, said, “She had many struggles in life, was beaten up for being ‘different’ and experienced mental ill health. Prison was never the best place for her. The indefinite sentence only made this worse.”

Shane Stroughton[16]

Shane was a 29-year-old man who died shortly after he was found hanging at HMP Nottingham on 13 September 2017. Shane had a well-documented history of depression and anxiety. At the age of 19, Shane received an IPP sentence with a minimum tariff of two and a half years. However, he remained in prison for close to ten years, and was released on 13 June 2017 having served in excess of six years over his original tariff. In July 2017, Shane was recalled to prison and placed at HMP Nottingham, where he was immediately identified as a high risk of suicide having used a ligature in police custody. A few days after arriving at HMP Nottingham, Shane set fire to his cell and used another ligature, making himself unconscious. In August 2017, Shane was placed on an ACCT. Despite this measure and the fact that his family had called the prison to say that he appeared to have lost two stone in weight, records suggest that the prison interacted little with Shane after that.

The jury at Shane’s inquest heard evidence that Shane had lost 20% of his body weight in six weeks and that by the time of his death, he had a Body Mass Index that meant he was underweight and malnourished – but the prison did not pick this up. On 11 September, Shane was told he was to be re-released, but his probation officer was working with four or five times the appropriate caseload and could not spend any time with him. Following the inquest, Shane’s mother, Deborah, said, “So much went wrong in Shane’s case. The IPP was vicious. He had a two-and-a-half-year term but did ten, and it made his mental health problems worse and also institutionalised him. He could not cope with freedom and so was recalled quickly.”

 

Kelvin Speakman[17]

Kelvin was a 30-year-old man who died after being found with a ligature at HMP Hewell on 9 May 2016. In 2007, Kelvin received an IPP sentence with a minimum term of two years, but at the time of his death, he had been in prison for nine years. Despite repeated self-harm incidents and suicide attempts, Kelvin was never transferred to a secure mental health unit, even though consultant psychiatrists had twice recommended it. The inquest found multiple failings, especially in the assessment and care of prisoners at risk of self-harm and suicide. The PPO report[18] into Kelvin’s death echoed these findings, stating that Kelvin did not have the required mental health assessments to safeguard against his continued segregation. Kelvin’s older brother, Lee Dobson, told the Guardian “We knew he was frustrated at his lack of progress, but he always put on a brave face for us., If we had known, we could have at least tried to talk him through his hard times. Instead, he died without help from us, or the system.”


Two other INQUEST cases: Case A and Case B[19]

Case A concerns the self-inflicted death of an IPP prisoner. The Prisons and Probation Ombudsman found that the indeterminate nature of the IPP sentence caused great anxiety for the prisoner, and that it was not difficult to come to the conclusion that the IPP sentence and its associated uncertainty played a significant role in the prisoners’ decision to take their own life.

Case B concerns the self-inflicted death of an IPP prisoner. The coroner informed the Prison’s Minister that they must act to prevent other IPP prisoners dying in a similar way. The coroner also stressed that the prison system is inadequate to meet the needs of IPP prisoners who have a heightened risk of self-harm compared to other prisoners. In particular, the coroner cited the infrequent nature of Parole Board hearings and the lack of support for complex mental health issues.

Key issues

The circumstances of the six deaths outlined above highlight the following key issues:

The indeterminate nature of IPP sentences creates a sense of hopelessness and despair for prisoners. This is worsened by the high probability that such prisoners will remain in prison well beyond completion of their minimum tariff and that many will be recalled owing to the indefinite nature of the license. Consequently, IPP sentences often exacerbate pre-existing mental ill health and induce mental ill health for those who did not previously have it.

The sense of hopelessness and despair experienced by IPP prisoners combined with the adverse mental health consequences of the IPP sentence mean that IPP prisoners are especially vulnerable and are at a disproportionately high risk of self-harm and self-inflicted death.[20] For example, in all four of the non-anonymous cases listed above, the individuals had self-harmed and/or previously attempted to take their own life before their death. In five out of six of the cases, the individuals died self-inflicted deaths.

Despite their vulnerability, IPP prisoners are not always accurately assessed as needing mental health support and sometimes receive inadequate care or none whatsoever.[21]

IPP prisoners sometimes struggle to gain a place on rehabilitation courses which are a requirement by the Parole Board for release, which prolongs their stay in prison. This, coupled with irregular Parole Board hearings, exacerbates their sense of hopelessness and despair which has an adverse impact on their mental health.

The sense of hopelessness and despair experienced by IPP prisoners combined with the adverse mental health consequences of the IPP sentence can worsen pre-existing physical health issues and result in new physical health issues, which can go unnoticed.

Recommendations. The Justice Committee must:

 Take full account of the inherent risk posed by the IPP sentence to prisoners mental and physical health and the evidence of increased self-harm and suicide in its identification of “possible legislative and policy solutions” to the IPP sentence. 

Recommend concrete steps to prevent future harm and deaths of IPP prisoners, including consideration of abolishing the IPP sentence retroactively.

HMPPS must:

Prioritise IPP prisoners for engagement in programmes that assist their case at Parole Board hearings. Given their lack of confidence in the system, consideration should be given to the provision of independent advocacy to support their appropriate engagement.

Convey clear information regularly to IPP prisoners about their sentences, including upcoming Parole Board hearings.

Allocate a substantial budget for enhanced mental health screening and support, substance abuse, housing, employment, and community reintegration to holistically support all IPP prisoners.

INQUEST is aware of some inquest hearings where the IPP sentence itself was not regarded as relevant to the death and was not allowed to be discussed. Therefore, we believe that investigatory bodies and the coroner service must:

Ensure that the nature and impact of the IPP sentence are fully examined in any investigation or inquest into the death of an IPP prisoner. Independent investigation and scrutiny of deaths can play an important role in drawing attention to failing systems and processes as well as to actions needed to prevent future deaths.



[1] Ministry of Justice “Offender management statistics quarterly: April to June 2021” https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/offender-management-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2021/offender-management-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2021

[2] Ministry of Justice “Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2021” https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/offender-management-statistics-quarterly-january-to-march-2021/offender-management-statistics-quarterly-january-to-march-2021

[3] Ministry of Justice “Offender Management Statistics Bulletin, England and Wales: Quarterly: October to December 2019” https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/882163/Offender_Management_Statistics_Quarterly_Q4_2019.pdf

[4] Ministry of Justice “Offender management statistics quarterly: April to June 2021” https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/offender-management-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2021/offender-management-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2021

[5] Prison Reform Trust’s report “No life, no freedom, no future: The experiences of prisoners recalled under the sentence of Imprisonment for Public Protection” (2020) http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/PressPolicy/News/vw/1/ItemID/954

[6] Ministry of Justice “Offender management statistics quarterly: April to June 2021” https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/offender-management-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2021/offender-management-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2021

[7] Ministry of Justice “Offender management statistics quarterly: April to June 2020” https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/offender-management-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020/offender-management-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020

[8] See the Guardian article (2021) with Donna Mooney’s comments about IPP prisoners struggling to access rehabilitation courses https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/may/17/england-and-wales-prisoners-taking-fewer-rehabilitation-courses

[9] The Independent Advisory Panel on Deaths in Custody briefing paper “Indeterminate sentences for public protection (IPPs): preventing self-harm and deaths in custody” https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c5ae65ed86cc93b6c1e19a3/t/5f59bfe535e751014cbeb04f/1599717352035/IPP+briefing+paper+for+Ministers+FINAL.pdf

[10] Prison Reform Trust press release for their report “Prison: the facts 2016” http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/PressPolicy/News/vw/1/ItemID/335

[11] UNGRIPP https://www.ungripp.com/statistics

[12] See INQUEST’s press release on the opening of the inquest into the death of Tommy Nicol https://www.inquest.org.uk/tommy-nicol-opening

[13] See INQUEST’s press release on the conclusion of the inquest into the death of Tommy Nicol https://www.inquest.org.uk/tommy-nicol-conclusion

[14] See INQUEST’s press release on the conclusion of the inquest into the death of Charlotte Nokes https://www.inquest.org.uk/charlotte-nokes-conclusion

[15] See the Guardian article (2020) into the inquest of Charlotte Nokes https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/feb/25/artists-never-ending-jail-term-led-to-sense-of-hopelessness-inquest-told

[16] See INQUEST’s press release on the conclusion of the inquest into the death of Shane Stroughton https://www.inquest.org.uk/shane-stroughton-inquest-closed

[17] See the Guardian article (2020) on the death of Kelvin Speakman https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/jan/22/prison-deaths-kelvin-speakman-hmp-hewell-worcestershire?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other

[18] See the Prisons and Probation Ombudsman independent investigation into the death of Kelvin Speakman https://s3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/ppo-prod-storage-1g9rkhjhkjmgw/uploads/2018/12/M042-16-Death-of-Mr-Kelvin-Speakman-in-hospital-Hewell-09-05-2016-SI-22-30-30.pdf

[19] We have anonymised these cases as the prisoners’ families have not consented to INQUEST referencing their names

[20] See the IAP on Deaths in Custody report on “Indeterminate sentences for Public Protection (IPPs): preventing self-harm and deaths in custody (2019)“ https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c5ae65ed86cc93b6c1e19a3/t/5f59bfe535e751014cbeb04f/1599717352035/IPP+briefing+paper+for+Ministers+FINAL.pdf

[21] See the 2008 Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health report “In the Dark: the mental health implications of Imprisonment for Public Protection


https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/41005/html/#:~:text=INQUEST has supported 27 bereaved families of IPP,deaths highlight key issues in the IPP sentence.

://www.theguardian.com/soci

Inquest concludes into death of IPP prisoner Charlotte Nokes seven years over original tariff | Inquest

Investigating cases involving IPP prisoners | Prisons & Probation Ombudsman (ppo.gov.uk)
Offender management statistics quarterly: April to June 2021 - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)




This article is more than 2 years oldIn December 2022, 98% of people serving an IPP sentence who had never been released from prison, were past their tariff expiry date.UK government pays out to family of IPP prisoner who killed himself | Sentencing | The Guardianhttps://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/jan/10/family-ipp-prisoner-tommy-nicol-indeterminate-sentenc